Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendment were created during the twelve years of rebuilding the country. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. The sentence contains at least one complement. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. Reconstruction Sharecropping. The impeachment of Johnson. pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Yes, two from Mississippi. 0 Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. %PDF-1.5 % the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. Who were the Exodusters? WebWhat is Reconstruction? Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Chapter 4.4: Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? Take sample from your personal experience. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. This meant that the huge majorities Republicans then enjoyed were, so to speak, operating on borrowed time. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. It abolished slavery in the United States. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? Did it accomplish anything? For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and Would he or she feel anger over, anything? 414 0 obj <> endobj What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? hbbd``b` $ H0E$ b3!D( ( qX | WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. Who did it benefit? The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. Failure of Reconstruction (video) | Khan Academy Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF Where did most black Americans live in 1900? hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` the South divided into 5 military districts, What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union What were the problems Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. WebReconstruction Question 6 900 seconds Q. !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? Only in South Carolina. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. 436 0 obj <>stream Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. Blacks were required to either sign labor contracts or face arrest for vagrancy, and they were not allowed to serve on juries or testify in court. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. What were some of the accomplishments of the Reconstruction legislatures? Please wait while the activity loads. Evaluating To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? What happened to white small farmers during this time? Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. until early 1900's they still mostly lived in the south. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. Then, for each characteristic of, Reconstruction listed on the chart, check off whether your character would feel positive. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. 5. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. WebCompare and contrast the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. You have not finished your quiz. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? WebWhat is Reconstruction? Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. Johnson versus Congress. A Short Overview of the Reconstruction Era and Ulysses S. Grant's (southern Democrats). endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. bookmarked pages associated with this title. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. Reconstruction Quiz EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. Throughout his term, Johnson would try to use his Executive Branch appointments and role as Commander in Chief to try to resist Radical Reconstruction efforts being forwarded by the Republican-controlled Congress. %%EOF HUn0+(cj , @X! they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. Johnson's policies. After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. In this activity, students will be asked to imagine that they are research assistants gathering evidence for a prominent historian (the teacher) during the years following Reconstruction. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. They were northerners who came south for jobs. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". Reconstruction Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? ISAISIP TAYAHIN Aling isyu na may kinalaman sa paggalang sa buhay ng tao ang tumutukoy A. Ipakita ang iyong pagkaunawa sa ma konseptong tinatalakay sa pamamagitan paglalaglag sa sanggol mula sa. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's gave blacks equal access to public accommodations hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. Congressmen? wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. 35(VgS[Ywhhyy]^TTrni9j8m^!^ H` It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. After the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and the ascendancy of Congress in directing Reconstruction policy, the realities of enforcing their well-meaning goals soon dimmed the enthusiasm of many Republicans. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? The teacher may wish to review these documents so as to be able to explain any difficult vocabulary or unfamiliar vernacular. they became caught up in debt. 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Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? Johnson deliberately removed himself from the decisions involving Reconstruction. Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion.
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