Fill the tubes in this order: gray for culture & sensitivity, yellow-red marble top for urinalysis and non-additive red top . Prevents blood from clotting. Used for testing lead level in blood. Citrate Negative: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (no growth or trace of growth) Limitations of Citrate Utilization Test. which position in order of draw for microcollection are PST tubes collected. Due to inconsistencies between the drug labels on DailyMed and the pill images provided by RxImage, we no longer display the RxImage pill images associated with drug labels.. We anticipate reposting the images once we are able identify and filter out images that do not While experts generally feel that a small amount of microplastic is not cause for alarm, and the water meets current standards for drinking water, the findings of plastic in bottled water are nonetheless raising concerns. Gloves wearing well fitting non latex gloves is the best policy for the phlebotomist. back 129. have EDTA with plasma separator.Sent to molecular diagnostics. This CO2 helps to give blue color. The word phlebotomy is derived from the Greek words for "vein" and "incision" and literally means making an incision into a vein. 20-22. . Warn the patient of the presence of potentially hazardous preservatives in the collection container. Lavender, green, red. what colors are used to identify PST collection tubes? humble adjectives to describe yourself why is citrate not available for microcollection. what tests require blood collected in an EDTA tube? Fluorescent analogues of siderophores were used to show that the siderophores taken up by the cells were in small intracellular vesicles. Section snippets Medical device regulations. Correct answers: 2 question: How does alcoholics anonymous people deal with alcoholism? (b) Find the total force on the side of the tank. Infant bilirubin specimens Light-blocking, amber-colored microcollection containers are available for collection. How does EDTA prevent blood from clotting? Transport to the laboratory on wet ice. Citrate is one of the most common stabilizing molecules for metal nanoparticles. whit blood count may be falsely elevated. Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection. Uses include: Development of a new collection tube for clinical use (medical device) Custom collection tubes for IVD (in-vitro diagnostic) kits and applications. Why is citrate not available for micro collection? because coagulation process is activated during dermal puncture . Citrate is metabolized to bicarbonate in the liver and plays a role as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle 5 9. 1. Webence in perception of pain. Largely eliminated through hepatic metabolism with very little cleared by the kidneys 3 4. We do not guarantee individual replies due to extremely high volume of correspondence. Introducing Cram Folders! Gel separates the serum from the blood cells by getting between the cloth and the serum during centrifugation. Find patient medical information for calcium citrate oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. Smaller the gauge the larger the needle and vice versa. Citrate can result in hypocalcemia, depending on the rate of infusion and the ability of the liver to metabolize the citrate. Why is citrate not available for micro collection? Webinformation does not match, check further to determine which one is correct and notify the nurse. These new specimens can be analyzed in the usual way by automated instruments. Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection. sodium citrate. These wider-diameter tubes feature the BD Microgard closure, which has an integrated collection scoop and improved mixing ability. which position in microcollection is the grey tube. This tube is sent to the coagulation section of the of the lab, common tests run on this tube are prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), or partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen, and D-dimers. How does citrate keep blood from clotting? Titrate as needed to achieve and maintain hemoglobin at target levels. And patient ID label Pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator Royal blue top tubes with lavender color coding on the label But it may be used only under an EUA (Emergency Use Authorisation) by the . Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection. Mint tubes have lithium heparin and thixotropic gel for plasma separation. There are many formulations of magnesium supplements available. Your email address will not be published. what test required blood collected from heparin tube? A medical device is defined in the US as an "instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, contrivance, implant, in vitro reagent, or other similar or related article, including a component part, or accessory, which is: (1) recognized in the official National Formulary, or the US Pharmacopeia, or any supplement to them, (2) intended for use in the . Not all providers do this, so look for ones that do. magx because coagulation process is activated during dermal puncture . Why should adhesive bandages not be used on babies younger than 2 years of age ? what laboratory tests require blood collected in a PST tube? We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Ordinary prescription glasses are not adequate eye Na Citrate 3-4 times Heparin 8 times EDTA 8 times Na Fluoride 8 times 46 . what test required blood collected from heparin tube? to Dispose of used needles, lancets and other sharp objects even if they contain safety features. what color is used for tubes containing SPS or ACD? Citrate utilization test is commonly employed as part of a group of tests, the IMViC (Indole, Methyl Red, VP and Citrate) tests, that distinguish between members of the Enterobacteriaceae family based on their metabolic by-products. Fluid can be injected through the diaphragm cap into the tube. Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection That the cysteines are important for the activity of VDE is well known, but in what way is less understood. Magnesium Citrate is an over-the-counter medication that can be used as a nutritional supplement or for treatment of acid indigestion and constipation.. what is the purpose of potassium oxalate? This mineral serves many purposes in the body, but it mostly acts as an electrolyte that helps control muscle and nerve function.. Potassium is also vital to heart health, urinary function, acid-base balance, gastrointestinal motility and various enzyme reactions. (a) $[\mathrm{Ne}] 3 s^2 3 p^5$ what tests does transfusion service section of the blood bank perform on pink EDTA tubes? In addition, the authors provide a glossary as well as a separate list of analytes containing the available data on reference intervals, biological half-life times, stability and influence and interference factors. It is applied 3 to 4 inches above the puncture site tightly enough to slow the blood flow but not stop it. may be used to collect blood form a dermal puncture when only a small amoutn of blood is required. These wider-diameter tubes feature the BD Microgard closure, which has an integrated collection scoop and improved mixing ability. what position in order of draw is pink EDTA collected? Some people refer to this implementation as venipuncture, or the modern phlebotomy. Is the singer Avant and R Kelly brothers? Results. Mix the urine and peel back the protective sticker on the blue cap to expose the cannula. In order to avoid an upset stomach or nausea, take potassium citrate with a meal or within 30 minutes of a meal. Initial improvement efforts resulted in a refined needle design and experimentation with syringe materials for the collection tube. Phlebotomy is now available with the LearnSmart Advantage, a series of adaptive learning products fueled by LearnSmart and SmartBook. Random Collection: For routine and microscopic evaluation, a clean catch or midstream specimen is preferred. 14.Why should the veins of the hand be used only as a last resort when performing a venipuncture? Outpatients and Referral Patients: After collection, the transfer of urine into preservative tubes should happen at the collection site. Nitrile, vitrile, synthetic vinyl, or other non latex gloves are used often. Webdarwin football association clearances; contigo gizmo replacement lid. Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection Posted by June 27, 2022 kentucky occupational tax rates by county on why is citrate not available for microcollection multisample needle used as part of an evacuated collection system- a double pointed needle and collection tube that contains a vacuum. Were all the same God loves us all the same be the bigger person in a arguement Be postitive even when its hard to. what color is used for trace element-free blood collection tubes? Step 2 will be done during the module evaluation interleaved with other (local and remote) modules. Be the diffrence in this world dont let color of skin divide us. It was challenging to gain feedback from other laboratories in that regard. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Why is citrate not available for micro collection? As you are abou c. mismatch between a child's abilities and activities. This is common for smaller or more fragile veins in dorsal hand Can be used in the antecubital area This used a smaller gauge (25-26 gauge) The tubing minimize the pressure on the vein for minimize the pressure in the vein from the suction in a vacuum tube Magnesium is a mineral that your body needs to function properly. 20 gauge yellow, 21 gauge green, 22 gauge black are available in 1 to 1/2 inch lengths that can be kept within the machine. oklahoma public land deer hunting Accept X Royal blue is certified to have very low levels of trace elements such as aluminum, lead, mercury, zinc, and other metals making them requirement for trace element studies, toxicology, and nutritional chemistry tests. In response, the World Health Organization announced it will review the potential risks of plastic in drinking water, and assess the latest research into the spread Ascientist finds an organism that cannot move it has many cells produces spores and gets food from its environment in which kingdom does it belong explains. This is also to prosper its mission by collaborating with partners throughout the nation and the . . answered Why is citrate not available for micro collection? Roles of Potassium. What is the reflection of the story of princess urduja? what additive is present in tan lead-free tubes, what tests are performed on tan lead-free tubes. PROCEDURAL ISSUES Non-gmo magnesium. Gray (sodium flouride), Tube order of draw It is not that code 128 is superior to code 39, as many industries rely on either code 39 or 128, but rather the MPA's settings were not optimized for code 39. Web ; ; . . Where the website is managed by another BD company, please note that it may be governed by different laws and policies, and may feature products and services that are not available locally. The term microlecture is not used here to refer to microcontent for microlearning, but to actual instructional content that is formatted for online and mobile learning using a constructivist approach. what additive is present in trace element-free blood collection tubes? When examined under magnification, an individual microfiber has a split or spoke-like appearance. WebBreakdown of citrate gives CO2, Acetate and lactate. What color tubes contain EDTA used by hematology? For Inpatient Collections: Using the Collection Manager system, scan the patients armband. 1993; Veys et al. You have created 2 folders. UNIT -III Haematological investigation: Blood composition, blood sample collection and smear preparation, Differential cell counts - RBC, WBC, Platelets, hemoglobin estimation, erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR), Blood platelet count by hemocytometer, and testing of blood glucose using glucometer. When checking supplies in the office, the medical assistant notices that the he1nostats in the cupboard were autoclaved 28 days ago.He would (A)check to see if the packagesare intact and without damage (B)count to see if there are enough available for the amount of expected procedures. The final product of the Krebs cycle is oxaloacetic acid. Because coagulation process is activated during dermal puncture. Phlebotomy has been practiced as early as the 1800 All technicians are trained in phlebotomy and will obtain blood samples when asked to do so. what position in order of draw are PST tubes collected? when centrifuged it forms a barrier between the serum and the cells. More specifically, as described in the Chronicle of Higher Education, these are approximately 60 second presentations with a specific structure. . sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) used for blood cultures to neutralize the effect of bacterial growth inhibitors such as antibiotics. Which of the following veins is not an antecubital vein? Obtain the blood sample drawn to be tested. Desferri-FCH was purchased from Sigma. Pls decode the answer for me my answers are: 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C - the answers to estudyassistant.com after the grey tubes and just before non-additive. 100 mg (elemental) Dosing Considerations Should be Given as Follows: Nutritional Supplementation what position in order of draw is the citrate tube? If there is any doubt or question regarding the type of specimen that should be collected, it is imperative that the laboratory is called to clarify the order and specimen requirements. A prothrombin time (protime or PT) specimen collected in a light-blue top sodium citrate tube that was immediately spun down using a StatSpin . Not to exceed 12 tablets/day. Updated content to align with 2017 Essential Elements of a Phlebotomy Training Program and the 2017 Collection of Diagnostic Venous Blood Specimens CLSI standards. wing infusion set aka butterfly needle that can be used with either syringe or evacuated tube set, varies from 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches. Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection. Potassium citrate structure. Heparin is used in ABG specimen collection to. when specimen needs to be protected from light. FIGURE 4-11 Microcollection Tubes Basilic Cephalic Delmar/Cengage Learning Median Cubital Median Plastic sheath Shaft Delmar/Cengage Learning . Types of punctures: Finger puncture heel stick. To minimize effects of platelet clumping True False . Potassium citrate salt can be found in the juice of a number of sour fruits, including oranges, pomegranates and passion fruits. This helps prevent chemical changes caused by cellular metabolism and fibrinolysis (dissolving of the clot). Hills Of Eternity Memorial Park Colma Ca, Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Mix well before aliquoting and provide the total volume of the 24-hour urine collection or send the complete 24-hour collection to the laboratory. The first way is known as a venipuncture which is when a needle punctured a vein. During palpation of a large vessel in the forearm, the phlebotomist detects a vibration sensation. Gold or red/black speckled (serum separator) Ferric ammonium citrate. Webwhy is citrate not available for microcollection. (d) increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables. VDE consists of a cysteine-rich N-terminal domain, a lipocalin-like domain and a negatively charged C-terminal domain. Some of the next-generation systems were not available in the United States at the time of our evaluation. Especially not with a 21 - 21 gauge needle like the one on a butterfly. Unopette collection system. Which microcollection container would be used to collect a specimen for a CBC? What are the dimensions of a monster energy drink can? Why It's a Cycle . METHODOLOGY Intravenous therapy (IV) / blood transfusions - fluid may dilute the specimen, so collect from the opposite arm if possible. Gauge of the needle varies from large 16 gauge needles to smaller 23 gauge needles. WebWhy is citrate not available for microcollection Because coagulation is active during dermal puncture What color is used to identify blood collection tubes containing EDTA used by hematology Lavender and pink What does EDTA stand for Ethylene Diamine Triacetic it encourages alcoholics to commit themselves to sobriety by sharing their past experiences and future goals. Required fields are marked *, This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. Potassium citrate has moderate interactions with at least 97 different drugs. Not to exceed 12 tablets/day. Contains acid citrate dextrose. Substance added to a blood collection tube other than a tube coating or stopper. Positive : Growth on the medium even without colour change will be considered as positive. See more. In the results, the documents and all their available languages are displayed. Anticoagulant. Transport to the laboratory at ambient temperature. Put more sciencenot more staffin your high-volume hematology laboratory. cannot be used on patient must be disposed. Azure CLI and Azure PowerShell deployment commands display an error message that the requested size isn't available in the location or zone. Citrate utilization can be used to distinguish between coliforms such as Klebsiella (formerly Enterobacter) aerogenes (+ve) which occur naturally in We'll bring you back here when you are done. Not Available Metabolism. It provides a highly negatively charged surface that can be displaced by many other molecules or ligands such as those with terminal amines or mercapto groups. Each tube has a line indicating the minimum draw.. Contain heparin. Isolator Microbial Tube (adult and pediatric): These tubes are used for the collection of blood specimens for the isolation of fungi and mycobacteria. B. Use the periodic table to identify the element with each electron configuration. Why Microfiber Cloths Became So Popular for Cleaning. Good Gold. Adult and Pediatric Dosages:. Collect urine in a clean container before voiding is completed. The tube is filled by pushing the tube stopper side down onto the exposed cannula. 18-54 min 3. This product should not be administered concurrently with aluminum-based antacids. WebSo citrate can provide not only an anticoagulant effect but of course a buffer. Maximum strength Magnesium Citrate supplement contains 833mg of pure Magnesium Citrate per serving. To transport swab specimens or tissue, remove the cap, place the specimen into the tube (break off the swab stem if needed) and replace and tighten cap. Used for STAT chem tests. BD PosiFlush is a range of ready-to-use sterile pre-filled flush syringes containing sodium chloride (NaCL) 0.9%, specifically designed to enhance best clinical practice. B and C USA; Globally; Search term: "ferric ammonium citrate" Compare Products: Select up to 4 products. Green (heparin) or Mint (heparin plasma separator) Must select the appropriate lancet based on the amount of blood needed and the location of the puncture site. If specimen transport is delayed, refrigerate after inoculation. what colors are used to identify PST collection tubes? have clot activator or EDTA certified trace element free sent to chemistry/trace elements section. what lab tests are performed on royal blue tubes, what color is used to identify blood collection tubes containing thrombin that have a splash guard cap, what laboratory tests are performed on blood collected in orange tube, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"phlebotomy II Mrs. Darnell","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/pharmacology-ii-2467997","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. Immigration Quotes Canada, The slanted tip of a needle is called the: Bevel. why is citrate not available for microcollection10x12 metal shed with roll up door. have EDTA certified lead free get sent to chemistry. 2013. Controlling the preanalytical variability in hematology testing is a critical factor for ensuring accurate results. Webpasta sauce with tomato paste and milk / why is citrate not available for microcollection. Grease (and) Think about the organism can utilize CO2. Sterile and must be drawn first before any other tube is collected. The Minnesota Department of Education has released its first draft of K-12 social studies standards for the next ten years, a proposal that omits most of the significant events in American history and focuses, instead, on "systemic racism" and the oppression of "marginalized" people throughout U.S. and Minnesota history. FIRMING MOISTURIZER rounds out this microcollection offering the same tightening and smoothing power it has always delivered. What is error code E01-5 on Toyota forklift. what colors are used to identify SST blood collection tubes? have smaller diameter in order to collect less blood, plastic tubes that provide larger collection volume than capillary tubes. why is citrate not available for Answers: 1. continue. have heparin to prevent clotting and are used to measure the hematocrit. T Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language. 4.7k views Answered >2 years ago. Clearance. Acid-citrate dextrose is an additive found in a tube with which color stopper? Antiseptics. There are two ways that you can collect blood specimen from a patient. In the given figure find the equivalent resistance between terminals AB,AC,AD,BC,BD\mathrm{A-B, A-C, A-D, B-C, B-D}AB,AC,AD,BC,BD, and CD\mathrm{C-D}CD. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Depending on your budget and target demographic, you can develop a small, medium, or large collection. Cannula/fistula/heparin lock - hospitals have special policies regarding these devices. 242. when centrifuged it forms a barrier between the serum and the cells. speedway gas octane levels; oklahoma county court clerk filing fees; glidden porch and floor paint color chart; melvor idle best Mha shifting script template google docs. Tight enough to obstructive venous flow but not particular flow. If it is not metabolised sufficiently, citrate may accumu-late, causing hypocalcaemia and metabolic acidosis. Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: tampa bay buccaneers owner net worth Beitrags-Kommentare: charlotte nc snowfall history charlotte nc snowfall history With the DxH 800 hematology analyzer, you can utilize accurate data about individual cell size, shape and structure to provide high-quality first-pass results. The first stream of urine is collected and submitted for testing. Answers: 3. continue. 1. for patients in whom venous access is difficult, 2. when small quantities of blood are sufficient for testing. Some bacteria have this enzyme while others do not. Liquid. This full array of microcollection tubes is available for hematology and chemistry applications, and is color coded to match the array of evacuated BD Vacutainer blood collection tubes. Oxalate/fluoride (light gray stopper) Serum: Draw a sufficient amount of blood to yield the necessary serum volume. PMLS 2-CHAPTER 5 By: SHERWIN P. GAMMAD, RMT, LPT, MSPHc VENIPUNCTURE EQUIPMENT The first step in learning to perform a venipuncture is knowledge of the needed equipment. More serious side effects are uncommon but can include: Irregular heartbeat. Microcollection containers Micro dilution system. why citrate not available for microcollection? Use an alcohol prep to clean the top of each bottle before and after inoculation. For more information see here. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? and the other arm is not available. Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: tampa bay buccaneers owner net worth Beitrags What is the labour of cable stayed bridges? The container should be capped, labeled and refrigerated. Answer. After time, this drops to 20-25%. (C) placethe packages backinthe autoclave . As used in the clinical laboratory sciences, phlebotomy is defined generally as the collection of blood. There is an abundant supply of nerves in the hand, which makes this procedure more uncomfortable for the patient. WebFind 35 ways to say AVAILABLE, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. Fladora Magnesium Citrate with Calcium - Magnesium 800 mg and Calcium 400 mg - 120 Vegetarian Capsules Magnesium citrate is a more highly absorbable form than magnesium oxide. why is microcollection tube available in amber? The patient was sent to the lab to have lavender, light blue, green, and gray. Saponification is a method used in treating a neutral fat with alkali, breaking it down to glycerol and fatty acids. shields are not available. By visiting our site, you agree to our privacy policy regarding cookies, tracking statistics, etc. 2. Citrate in the urine has long been recognized as an inhibitor of calcium salt crystallization. what colors are used to identify SST blood collection tubes? Mint tubes have lithium heparin and thixotropic gel for plasma separation. - Long-term security of supply. The majority of samples require separation of plasma from cells within two hours of collection. why is it important to allow citrate tube to fill completely? because coagulation process is activated during dermal puncture. Health, 22.06.2019 12:20, jeniferfayzieva2018. Venipuncture with blood culture, Yellow SPS or bottles (sterile specimen) why is citrate not available for microcollectionSanty Reichen se presenta en sociedad con un EP de propia autora. what position in order of draw is the citrate tube? Webevaluating the module (synchronous). have potassium oxalate (anticoagulant) and antiglycolytic agent or glucose preservative (sodium flouride) aka glycolytic inhibitor that prevents the RBC from using glucose and changing it to lactic acid. They are used for serum testing and do not contain any additives or gel. WebThe white blood cell differential assesses the body's ability to respond to and eliminate infection. The Please select the correct language below. what color is EDTA used by the blood bank? Tube must be full for 9:1 blood-to-anticoagulant ratio or coag results falsely . These symptoms are are usually mild. WebA very helpful mnemonics has been developed Sally brings really good grease and leaves the gravy. nursing care plan for infant of diabetic mother; maryland property search by owner name Citrate Citrate is most often used for collection of coagulation tests Acts by binding calcium Nominal concentration of 3.2% (mol/L) Recent move to 3.2% from 3.8% to get more consistent results for Prothrombin Time, particularly for more sensitive reagents Tubes must be properly filled to within +/10 percent of assigned collection volume 8 The maxACT tube was used immediately to determine the activated clotting time (ACT) by the axillary method as described previously.16 The EDTA blood was used for white . Citrate Permease is an enzyme that is responsible for transporting citrate inside the cell. Step 1 will be done during the chunk loading. 1 See answer Advertisement kinyuy2000 i guess because citrate or anything citric evaporates after in Once an action plan is in place, it should not be changed. Question. Low blood flow, 1.5 mm, Medium blood flow 1.8 mm, High blood flow 2.0 mm. Citrate - this is the only anticoagulant available in the US that is regional, i.e. Red The red bottle is less common it is used for biochemistry tests requiring serum which might be adversely affected by the separator gel used in the yellow bottle. As you are about to leave the room, you notice a capped needle on the floor next to Mrs. Baxter's bed, some obviously "used" gloves (turned inside out) close by, and some liquid spilled on the floor. what blood tests are performed on SPS tubes?/. True False . Answer (1 of 6): There's a few reasons why it can be more of a challenge to draw blood. This tube is sent to the lavender . Do not draw blood until proper identification has been made. Bst unit-iii. why is citrate not available for microcollection. Citrate provides the precursors (acetyl-CoA, NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis and is a positive allosteric modulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is involved in the initiation of long-chain fatty acid synthesis (Chapter 16). Menu en widgets. by Laura-Stanley, Inoculating from a broth culture is not recommended because the inoculum would be too heavy. Webscrum master salary california. Tubes with various draw volumes are available (2.0 mL, 3.0 mL, 5.0 mL and 0.75 mL microvettes); to assure proper ratio of EDTA to blood, it is recommended that the tubes contain no less than one-half of the stated volume. Paskelbta 2022-06-04 Autorius what kind of whales are in whale (True or false?). Please see the individual test directory listings for specific requirements. Substances used to prevent sepsis, the presence of microorganisms or their toxic products in the bloodstream. Green, mint, or green black speckled (Heparin) A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? The phlebotomist may have a disease that the patient does not. * Advantage: The system allows numerous tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture. what color tubes besides red do not contain any additives? Correct answer to the question: Proporcionan energia y se encuentran principalmente en los cereales como el maz , el arroz, el trigo, tuberculos y frutas - edu-answer.com Citrate formation is also regulated by availability of substrates, and citrate is an allosteric inhibitor. Some of the next-generation systems were not available in the United States at the time of our evaluation. How does citrate keep blood from binding? Assuming that the velocity of the projectile is defined by the relation $v=v_0-k x$, where $v$ is expressed in $\mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}$ and $x$ is in feet, find $(a)$ the initial acceleration of the projectile, $(b)$ the time required for the projectile to penetrate $3.9\ \text{in.
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