Obesity is now a bigger cause of deaths in Scotland and England than smoking, according to a new study. These conditions include: metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes high. There were strong positive correlations (0.5r<0.6; p<0.01) between the vegetarian pattern and energy-adjusted intakes of fibre, copper and thiamin. Dedes, Vassilis The possibility of selection bias should be considered. In particular, the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Spanish university students is about 20 % ( 10 - 12). The following socio-demographic information was collected: age; gender; degree programme and year of study; full/part-time study; nature of term-time residence; ethnicity; religion; socioeconomic status (SES); maternal education; and university attended. Obesity is now a bigger cause of deaths in Scotland and England than smoking, according to a new study. Scientists believe that genes may increase a person's likelihood of having obesity but that outside factors, such as an abundant food supply or little physical activity, also may be required for . Partial correlation coefficients were also calculated, which adjusted for energy intake. and In Model 2, higher pattern scores were independently associated with male gender (p<0.001), regular/social smoking status (p<0.001), most frequent consumption pre-prepared foods (p=0.040), frequent consumption of ready-meals/take-aways (p<0.001), frequent breakfast skipping (p<0.001), regular consumption of animal products (p<0.001) and greater amounts of money spent on food (p<0.001). Obesity during pregnancy has short term and long term adverse consequences for both mother and child. The sample comprised 1064 (73.5%) women and 384 (26.5%) men. JC & LKP facilitated recruitment of students from the University of St Andrews and Ulster University, respectively. ; Seventy-three percent of college students admit to an unhealthy diet and rarely exercise, with a lack of motivation, time, and convenience being the common denominators. If they are overweight or obese, they will carry the wrong impression to the general population. Finlayson G, Cecil J, Higgs S, Hill A, Hetherington M. Susceptibility to weight gain. Richmond R . Addict. The Obesity Profile (previously named NCMP and Child Obesity Profile) displays data from the National Child Measurement Programme ( NCMP) showing the prevalence of obesity, severe obesity,. We obtained weight change by subtracting, for each individual, self-reported weights collected at the different time points. An online, cross-sectional survey was undertaken with a convenience sample of 1448 university students from five UK universities (Kings College London, Universities of St Andrews, Southampton and Sheffield, and Ulster University). College-based obesity prevention educational interventions are multi-component efforts that provide education about nutrition, physical activity, and healthy weight management; such interventions are often paired with campus environment improvements. The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample are shown in Table1. Diao, Xingling Whilst it is likely that students who lack culinary skills may be forced to rely on convenience foods to ensure meal provision, other factors such as time pressures and (lack of) cooking enjoyment may be more salient in determining students decisions around consumption of these foods [33, 34] . Globally, obesity is affecting an increasing proportion of children. University of Glasgow researchers looked at health surveys of nearly 200,000 adults. Wang, Lina The majority of respondents were from the University of Sheffield (n=567; 39.2%), Ulster University in Northern Ireland (n=443; 30.6%) and KCL (n=305; 21.1%). Such weight gain may have long-term repercussions, since overweight during young adulthood has been identified as a significant predictor of obesity later in life [11]. We would also like to acknowledge Anthony Johns from Tinuviel Software for his assistance in setting up the online survey. This work was supported by grants from the UPV/EHU (EHU12/24), the Vice Rector for Innovation, Social Outreach and Cultural Activities of the UPV/EHU, funding by the contract-programme formalised with the Basque Government (code of the Campus Bizia Lab project: 17ARRO, 18ARRO and 19ARRO), the Vice Rector for Students and Employability of the UPV/EHU and Basque Government (2016); and a pre-doctoral scholarship from the Basque Language Vice-chancellor of the UPV/EHU. 2009;67:8394. CAS Br J Nutr. Public Health Nutr. Belfast: University of Ulster; 2006. Maternal education was not included in the models, since data were not available for all students. No association, however, was identified between cooking ability and scores on the less healthful dietary patterns (snacking; convenience, red meat & alcohol). Religion was also not included due to confounding with ethnic background. Total loading time: 0 Google Scholar. [cited 2018 Aug 29]. Childhood obesity affects an estimated 50 million girls and 74 million boys worldwide. Additionally, the first year of university life has been identified as a period associated with body weight gain in both North American [8] and UK students [9, 10]. Pigott S, Bates B, Nass L. Socio-demographic characteristics of the NDNS RP sample - National Diet and Nutrition Survey. "useRatesEcommerce": false Yoshimura, Ryuichi 6th ed. In Model 2, lower leisure-time physical activity participation (p=0.012), attendance at Ulster University (p=0.029), living with parents/other relatives or in university catered accommodation (p=0.033), and full-time student status (p<0.001) were independently associated with greater pattern score. Int J Womens Health. Nutrition Journal 15. Objectives This scoping review identifies factors associated with obesity traits including body mass index, weight, and body fat percentage in undergraduate students. A total of 1683 students across the five universities responded to the survey. The World Obesity Federation released the first Atlas of Childhood Obesity in 2019, presenting the country-specific prevalence of obesity by age groups and sex, and calculated risk scores for future obesity. Very much enjoy teaching as a guest lecturer and supporting students on placement. Despite this, there is limited progress in addressing the problem of obesity among college students. In the academic year Feature Flags: { 2016;61:918 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.006. This gradient is congruent with national data, which indicates that the population of Northern Ireland consumes a diet of poorer quality than the UK as a whole [29]. The largest effects (magnitudes of ORs) were found for the variables breakfast skipping and PA level in men, and for adherence to the Mediterranean diet in women. The third component had high positive factor loadings for fatty fish and canned tuna, white- and shellfish, nuts, eggs, fresh fruit, other green vegetables and salad items, oat- and bran-based breakfast cereals, herbal and green tea, and low fat/low calorie yogurts. Nutrient intakes were estimated to characterise the nutrient profile of each dietary pattern. The authors declare that they have no competing interest. The latter figure is less than that reported in a survey of over 3000 university students studying in Northern Ireland, which reported that 22% of students did not eat meat [3]. Rare compared to occasional or almost daily - consumption of take-aways/ready meals was associated with lower scores (p=0.042). 1983;37:10312. Siguen patrones de dieta mediterrnea los universitarios espaoles? Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) students accounted for 25.1% of students living permanently in the UK. The wider literature consistently reports a positive association between socioeconomic status and diet quality across UK population groups [21, 23, 28]. All students were recruited through university email distribution lists. Greater meat and fast food consumption among male students has previously been reported, and vegetarianism is more prevalent amongst female students [3, 24]. The small number of students recruited from St Andrews may been seen as an under-representation of students from a Scottish university, but it should be noted that the total student population at St Andrews (population of around 8000 students) is much smaller than that of Sheffield, Ulster and KCL (between 25,000 and 30,000 students). Hum Nutr Appl Nutr. The author contributions are as follows: N. T.-A. Methods: A cross-sectional . There are also indications of high intakes of confectionery and fast foods, and low consumption of fruit and vegetables [3, 4]. Despite that, previous validation studies indicate that the self-reported information, for example, those related to diet, is reported with sufficient accuracy for use in epidemiology analysis(Reference Vereecken, Covents and Sichert-Hellert88). Associate Professor in Nutrition at Kingston University . Am J Clin Nutr. Accommodation. Obesity is a critical lifestyle factor that increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension [ 1 ], diabetes [ 2 ], and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 3 ], and increases mortality [ 4 ]. The main strength of this work compared with other studies(Reference Bayyari, Henry and Jones89) is that we used the %BF instead of BMI as a diagnostic criterion for overweight/obesity, in order to avoid both false positives and negatives. 2010;55:498506. Objective: To investigate the knowledge and views of university students regarding obesity and weight management strategies. Pearsons correlation coefficients between dietary pattern scores and energy intake were calculated. Bamia C, Trichopoulos D, Ferrari P, Overvad K, Bjerregaard L, Tjnneland A, et al. The current study had a number of strengths and limitations that should be acknowledged. People are becoming overweight or obese at an increasingly younger age. Panoutsopoulos, Georgios I. Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Larson N, Eisenberg M, Loth K. Dieting and disordered eating behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Using this method, 24 participants were identified as over-reporters (8 males; 16 females) and three participants were identified as under-reporters (1 male; 2 females). 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. A validated 111-item FFQ originally developed by the Medical Research Council was employed to assess dietary intake (DietQ; Tinuviel Software Ltd., Warrington, UK; [18, 19]. Obesity and overweight are associated with age and level of studies. Almost 1 in 3 college American students have obesity presently (1). Adv Prev Med. Each participant gave informed consent on the first page of the web-survey. Childhood obesity in England 10.1% of reception age children (age 4-5) were obese in 2021/22, with a further 12.1% were overweight. 3, 4 Preventing overweight in children is expected to be a promising approach to reducing obesity and Lincoln University in Pennsylvania told its students that those who were classified as obese after a mandatory body mass index check had to take a class to teach them healthy living, and that. Larson NI, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M. Weight control behaviors and dietary intake among adolescents and young adults: longitudinal findings from project EAT. The convenience, red meat & alcohol pattern was associated with higher weekly food spending; this pattern was also identified most consistently across universities. Less healthful dietary patterns were positively associated with lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, low physical activity and take-away consumption. Objective: To describe lifestyle behaviors (fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol intake, physical activity, sitting time, smoking, drug use, sleep, sexual health) and health risk factors (body mass index, food insecurity, mental health) in a sample of Australian university students. You can't lose weight even when you increase your physical activity and stick to a low-calorie diet for many months. The survey comprised a validated food frequency questionnaire alongside lifestyle and sociodemographic questions. New York: Harper Row; 2012. Gao, Lilian 2022. 2007;10:5908. Devine P, Lloyd K, Gray AM. Among the postbiotics . Lead a dynamic research team in the activity of national food consumption surveys in Ireland including the impact of dietary intake on population health. University represents a key transition into adulthood for many adolescents but there are associated concerns about health and behaviours. In Model 1 (demographic variables only) female gender (p<0.001), middle age group (p=0.020), moderate leisure-time activity levels (p=0.045) and ex-smoker status (p=0.025) were independently associated with higher scores on the vegetarian dietary pattern. El AW, Stock C, John J, Deeny P, Phillips C, Snelgrove S, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. Factors related to diet and lifestyles associated with an increased risk of excess body fat (BF) in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study(Odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Article The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 was used for all statistical analyses. Google Scholar. Clustering of lifestyle risk factors with dietary patterns was also evident, with less healthful dietary patterns associated with smoking, low physical activity and take-away consumption. Dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and young adults: the Northern Ireland young hearts project. Compliance with lifestyle recommendations according to body fat (BF) classification in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study(Mean values and standard deviations, percentages), Table 6. The research, published today in a briefing paper by the Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) at the UCL Social Research Institute, shows that one in five (21%) young people were obese at age 17, and a further one in seven (14%) were overweight, based on data collected in 2018-19. Child obesity is linked to increased risk of developing diabetes in adulthood, both autoimmune forms of diabetes and different forms of type 2 diabetes, a new study published in Diabetologia reports. Finally, the fourth component was labelled convenience, red meat & alcohol, because it had high factor loadings for red meat and savoury foods requiring little or no preparation, and it was the only component with a positive loading on alcoholic drinks. With respect to other lifestyles such as PA, probably cultural practices and childhood habits can be associated with a higher PA level in men than women(Reference Trost, Pate and Sallis86). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Results Two-hundred sixty-eight articles were included comprising . One of the main avenues that schools can use to positively affect health is also one most directly in line with every school's mission: educating students. Detopoulou, Paraskevi Students gender, age, year of study, geographical location and cooking ability were associated with differences in pattern behaviour. 2022. Genes also may contribute to a person's susceptibility to weight gain. Furthermore students following this pattern were also more likely to smoke, have frequent consumption of take-aways and pre-prepared foods and engage in lower levels of physical activity. Furthermore, high rates of body dissatisfaction and dieting behaviours have been noted, particularly amongst female students [12, 13]. The vegetarian, snacking and health-conscious patterns identified here are analogous to those previously reported in adult and adolescent UK populations [22, 23]. 2009;2:15765 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054220. Examination of scatter plots revealed no evidence of non-linear relationships between component scores and nutrient intakes. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among university students from 22 countries Authors Karl Peltzer 1 , Supa Pengpid 2 , T Alafia Samuels 3 , Neslihan Keser zcan 4 , Carolina Mantilla 5 , Onja H Rahamefy 6 , Mee Lian Wong 7 , Alexander Gasparishvili 8 Affiliations All British and European Union students less than 30years of age at the five participating universities represented eligible participants. Secondly, in light of the association between cooking ability and dietary consumption patterns, investigation of the potential for a cooking skills intervention to improve dietary intake is warranted. Otsuki, Naoko ESG & Sustainability professional, IFRS/SASB FSA credential holder, and graduate student at Columbia University's Climate School with 5+ years of professional experience in advisory/consulting . Introduction. Genes can directly cause obesity in such disorders as Prader-Willi syndrome. [cited 2012 Mar 13]. The survey was conducted between Autumn 2013 and Spring 2015. . In terms of eating behaviours of the sample, just under two-thirds of students described themselves as regular meat-eaters, whilst approximately 10% of students identified themselves as vegetarian. Consistent dietary patterns identified from childhood to adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Associations with sociodemographic variables were assessed through general linear modelling. There were also high factor loadings for fried food, pasta and rice, ready-made sauces, pizza, chips, alcoholic drinks, processed meat, red meat and offal, and eggs; there was a strong negative factor loading for low fat/low calorie yogurts. Terms and Conditions, Correspondence to University of Sheffield ethical approval covered the research at Kings College London and Southampton. Attendance at Ulster University was independently associated with lower vegetarian pattern scores (p<0.001). The sex-specific differences in risk factors of excess adiposity have important implications for interventions for primary prevention of obesity within this environment. J Am Diet Assoc. Buck D, Frosini F. Clustering of unhealthy behaviours over time - Implications for policy and practice. The findings, published in The Journal of Physiology . Abstract. [cited 2018 Aug 29]. [cited 2012 Nov 29]. Dodd LJ, Al-Nakeeb Y, Nevill A, Forshaw MJ. statement and To generate dietary patterns, the 55 food/food group intake variables were entered into a principal component analysis (PCA) and a varimax (orthogonal) rotation was performed. Dietary preferences also varied between participating universities. Obesity is a severe public health problem that has reached epidemic levels and is developing rapidly. Hung Nguyen-Ngoc is a Vietnamese dedicated and qualified nutrition specialist/dietitian and obesity specialist. One important aspect relates to diet and there is emerging evidence that university students may consume poor quality diets, with potential implications for body weight and long-term health. However, the tendency for students at the University of Sheffield to score lowest on a health-conscious diet is not in line with this explanation. Appetite. Tinuviel Software Ltd. DIETQ Validation. Has data issue: true Gong, Jiayu It is also possible that dietary differences observed between universities may arise because of socioeconomic gradients across universities. The results of this study suggest that certain unhealthy lifestyle behaviours coexist, interact and increase the risk of overweight/obesity in this population. Lack of sleep -another hallmark of the Western lifestyle-is also emerging as a risk factor for . International Research Opportunities Programme. The cut-offs for implausible energy intakes in the Nurses Health Study (<500 Kcal/day and>3500 Kcal/day) and Healthcare Professionals Follow-up Study (<800 Kcal/day or>4200 Kcal/day) were used to identify and exclude participants reporting implausible energy intakes the current study. 4 Overweight and obesity have been proven to . Tzirogiannis, Konstantinos Clin Psychol Rev. In according with the results will see how . Similarly, there is enormous heterogeneity in motives for drinking alcohol including coping, enhancement of social status, religious practice, personality type and alcohol availability [37, 38]. Shinzawa, Maki Alcohol intake (energy-adjusted) was negatively correlated with scores on the snacking pattern (r=0.317; P<0.01). However, little research has examined the magnitude of this relationship in youth with severe obesity. Int J Obes. The aim of the study is to investigate the level of physical activity of university students. Feedback from the pilot study led to three further items being incorporated into the questionnaire (consumption of hummus; tofu; water). 2014;112:168598. 2014;39:50813. Yang, Yurou Body mass index during childhood , adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: the Fels longitudinal study. Prev Med (Baltim). Students in Northern Ireland appeared to favour less healthful dietary patterns than those in Great Britain. By the time they are aged 10 or 11, more than a quarter are obese,. This cross-sectional study involved a convenience sample of five regionally and socio-economically diverse universities throughout the UK (Universities of: Sheffield, Ulster, Kings College London (KCL), Southampton and St Andrews). The . Food intake varied amongst university students. 2010;51:737 Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.04.005. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. eating less or different food, or exercising to lose weight)(Reference Haynes, Kersbergen and Sutin87). Adults without a high school degree or equivalent had the highest self-reported obesity (37.8%), followed by adults with some college (35.6%) or high school graduates (35.5%), and then by college graduates (26.3%). Half the women born in 1946 were overweight by age 48, compared to 41 for the 1970 generation. Kudo, Takashi Elika Guide, DIAL software for assessing diets and food calculations (for Windows, version 2.12), Department of Nutrition (UCM) & Alce Ingeniera, MedDietScore: a computer program that evaluates the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk, Adherence to Mediterranean diet in a Spanish university population, Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Well-being, Alcohol consumption and obesity: an update, Smoking, obesity, and their co-occurrence in the United States: cross sectional analysis, Relationship between smoking and obesity among women, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Body composition and physical activity in Italian university students, Relationship between attitudes toward healthy eating and dietary behaviour, lifestyle and demographic factors in a representative sample of Irish adults, 40-year trends in meal and snack eating behaviours of American adults, Dietary patterns, their covariates, and associations with severity of depressive symptons among university students in Lebanon: a cross-sectional study, Fiber patterns in young adults living in different environments (USA, Spain, Tunisia). Moreover, well documented studies have identiied the need to . FFQs are not optimal for the measurement of absolute dietary intake, but the use of a dietary pattern approach permitted ranking according to food group intake and so was considered appropriate. Participants who provided their contact details were entered into a prize draw; each person could win one of 40 20 high street vouchers. Such engagement in dieting behaviour and dysfunctional relationships with food not only impact on dietary adequacy [14, 15], but may also create tension and conflict for young people as they develop relationships with new peer groups [16]. Lac A, Donaldson CD. These results could be related to adoption of healthy behaviours for weight loss (e.g. Brunner TA, van der Horst K, Siegrist M. Convenience food products. Further studies are needed to confirm the complex interconnection between underlying factors of overweight/obesity. Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Boston Children's Hospital have discovered a genetic cause of severe obesity which, although rare, raises new questions about weight gain and energy use. Convenience, red meat, alcohol and vegetarian dietary choices are likely to be influenced by a raft of social, cultural and political factors, which have not been included in the model. Aggregation of lifestyle behaviours has previously been reported in both university student and adult populations [26,27,28]. Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK, Corporate Information & Computing Service, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2GU, UK, Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK, Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK, Food & Nutrition Group, Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK, You can also search for this author in The CTD team of the Department of Clinical Pathology, who participated in 'Free Draw', a student-led non-subject program operated as part of the University Innovation Support Project, developed lactic acid bacteria products found in kimchi to solve various health problems caused by the increase in obesity worldwide. Half the men of the 1946 generation were overweight by the time they were 41, compared to age 30 for men born in 1970. 1, 2 Overweight children are more likely to be overweight or obese as adults, compared with their normal-weight peers. Ideally, the sampling frame would have included a greater number of universities and involved stratification by year of study, subject group and socioeconomic indices in order to give a nationally representative profile of student eating patterns. It is of note that a vegetarian diet was the predominant pattern identified in the current study, and indeed 10% of students described themselves as vegetarian. The Body Mass Index or BMI is a scale that assigns a number value that is . Matsumura, Yuichiro Body Image. Importantly, policy makers must recognise not all students consume poor diets at university: a large group of students consumed nutritionally favourable and health-promoting diets and do not appear in need of dietary intervention. A student survey conducted in Northern Ireland reported a positive gradient in diet quality by year of study [3]. 1998;30:18598 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9573452. either in the overweight or obese category. I am the Professor of Cultural Studies at Flinders University (Australia), Fellow of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce (RSA) and Director of the Popular Culture Collective. These patterns explained approximately one fifth of the variance in food intake. Eur J Clin Nutr. Kings Fund. 2010;64:97886. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Consequently, the prominence of the vegetarian and health-conscious dietary patterns may have been over-estimated in this study. Finally, 45% of the current sample reported limited (or non-existent) cooking ability, being at best only able to cook a limited range of meals from raw ingredients. Design: Online questionnaire-based survey of undergraduate and. This association has not been documented among a university student population, but corroborates associations found in several adult studies [31, 32].
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